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Sustainable Agriculture

Community scientists study urban garden biodiversity at Peace & Plenty

Common Chickweed, edible, found at the April 12 P&P BioBlitz

Peace and Plenty Community Garden completed its year-long BioBlitz series on Saturday, October 11, with 16 dedicated identifiers documenting an impressive 262 species on a day that began cloudy and cool but welcomed warming sunshine and, notably, many flying invertebrates that followed. Representatives from the Rhode Island Natural History Survey, Audubon RI, Rhode Island Plant Insect Pollinator Network, Providence Neighborhood Planting Program, Southside Community Land Trust, and 15 Minute Field Trips participated alongside four community scientists, including two teen neighbors who discovered a previously unidentified ant species. A neighborhood family with a three-year-old daughter who enthusiastically netted species for identification joined the survey, while photographer and videographer Catherine McCray documented the event and musician Phil Edmunds accompanied the search with lilting tunes from his concertina.

Melissa Guillet of 15 Minute Field Trips tabulated the October findings, which included wreath lichen, turkey tail, dusty slug, wolf spider, mining bee, blowfly, Asian lady beetle, oriental bittersweet, monarda punctata, daisy fleabane, wild cucumber, dark-eyed junco, and eastern grey squirrel. A notable moment occurred when yellow jackets were observed eating a spotted lanternfly.

The year-long initiative brought together diverse participants throughout three seasons. The inaugural BioBlitz on Saturday, April 12, saw 17 citizen scientists brave cold, damp, windy, and rainy conditions to document the garden’s biodiversity. The diverse group included environmentalists from the Rhode Island Wild Plant Society, Audubon, 15 Minute Field Trips, and the Providence Urban Wildlife Conservation Partnership, alongside gardeners, an artist, a musician, and Wheeler School students who identified 72 species including cuspidate earth moss, false turkey tail fungi, common chickweed, furry snake millipedes, and red-bellied woodpeckers.

The second BioBlitz took place on Saturday, July 12, with 30 community members joining the summer survey under beautiful weather conditions, a welcome contrast to April’s challenging start. This expanded gathering included representatives from the Rhode Island Natural History Survey, Audubon RI, Rhode Island Environmental Education Association, Providence Preservation Society, Providence Neighborhood Planting Program, and 15 Minute Field Trips, along with community scientists who served as species identifiers. The event was documented by videographer Greg Gerritt, photographers Sally Bozzuto and Catherine McCray, and freelance reporter Elizabeth Keiser, while musicians Phil Edmunds and Mike Hudson provided accompaniment and gardener Rafael Serrano painted during the survey. The comprehensive species identification work brought the total documented species count to an impressive 211 across both BioBlitzes, with findings including star rosette lichen, brown-bellied bumblebees, and the invasive spotted lanternfly.

Tonay poses with a Chinese Praying Mantis, found at the October 11, 2025 BioBlitz at Peace & Plenty Community Garden

The year-long survey serves multiple educational goals beyond species documentation. The project helps gardeners understand their pivotal role in restorative earth care, demonstrates that gardening need not be solely extractive, reveals that many “weeds” are actually gardener-friendly, and shows how supporting wild populations can enhance both garden experience and vitality. This citizen science initiative helps identify invasive species and problem insects while informing strategies to support threatened pollinator populations, including Rhode Island’s declining bumblebee species. University of Rhode Island research suggests nearly half of the state’s historical bumblebee species may have disappeared. The BioBlitz revealed fascinating information about common garden species that many might overlook. For instance, common chickweed, often considered just a weed, is actually edible and highly nutritious.

Importantly, the BioBlitz demonstrates that all small urban green spaces, like Peace & Plenty Community Garden, play a vital yet often not fully understood role in Rhode Island’s rich and diverse natural landscapes, bringing these often fragmented and overlooked urban habitats forward so they are recognized, acknowledged, and supported. All findings were meticulously recorded and uploaded to iNaturalist, an online platform for sharing biodiversity information that helps scientists and nature enthusiasts identify species and track wildlife observations.

The next phase of the Bloom Rhode Island grant, that made this project possible, will focus on reviewing results to identify best-placed strategies to enhance the community garden experience and creating formats to share findings with a much wider audience. This capstone project aims to broadcast the important role smaller urban green spaces play in Rhode Island’s overall natural landscape while sharing learnings that will shape how the community garden continues to define future ways to support climate change through environmental stewardship and garden productivity. As Doug Victor, Peace and Plenty Garden Leader and host of the BioBlitzes, notes, these efforts are “succeeding in making sure our urban wild spaces are considered and counted.”

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Acknowledging a history of discrimination at the USDA

Farmer and SCLT Board Member Edith Paye, harvesting with her son at Urban Edge Farm

In a historic move to address decades of systemic discrimination, the U.S. Department of Agriculture recently distributed $2 billion to nearly 43,000 Black farmers across the country – just two in RI. This payout, while a significant step, represents only a fraction of the long-standing injustices faced by Black farmers in their interactions with the USDA.

The roots of this discrimination run deep. As far back as 1965, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights confirmed that the USDA discriminated against Black farmers. However, little was done to address the problem and it became systemic over decades. The consequences were devastating: the number of Black-run farms dropped by 96% over the last century. In that span, acres owned by Black farmers dwindled from 20 million to just 3.5 million. Today, a staggering 98% of all agricultural land in the US is owned by white people. Janai Nelson, President and Director-Counsel of Legal Defense Fund, values the land loss alone – never mind the incalculable ripple effects of generational wealth robbery inflicted on Black farmers – at $326 billion.

The recent payout is part of the Discrimination Financial Assistance Program (DFAP) established by the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. Tom Vilsack, USDA Secretary, emphasizes that the payouts are, plainly, an “acknowledgement by the department,” and should not be seen as “compensation for anyone’s loss or the pain endured.” To be eligible, farmers had to document their experiences of discrimination in working with the Department of Agriculture, prior to 2021, in a 40-page application that was due this past January.

John Boyd, a fourth-generation Black farmer and founder of the 40-year-old National Black Farmers Association, describes this as “a very, very historic payout for Black farmers,” but recognizes systemic changes will not be solved by the payments. Boyd, who has been organizing and educating Black farmers in the fight for justice, including assisting hundreds to complete their DFAP applications, shared his personal experiences of being spat on, called racial slurs, and having his loan forms torn up in front of him by USDA officials.

The scale of the payouts varied significantly. Over 23,000 individuals who have or had a farming or ranching operation received between $10,000 and $500,000, with an average of about $82,000. The hope is that this financial assistance will help many farmers stay on their farms, contribute to the nation’s food supply, and continue doing what they love. Another 20,000 individuals who planned to have a farming operation but were unable to do so due to USDA loan denials received between $3,500 and $6,000, with an average of $5,000.

Despite this acknowledgment, the fight for equity in agriculture is far from over. Boyd and other advocates are still pushing for a $5 billion debt relief program for “socially disadvantaged” farmers that was initially promised by the USDA in 2021 but now stands blocked by ongoing lawsuits from white farmers who decry it as discriminatory.

As the USDA continues its efforts to address historical injustices, the agency intends to use information gathered through the DFAP applications to fine-tune program equity at national, regional, and local levels. These efforts are reported to include diversifying agency leadership, streamlining loan processes, and implementing new procedures to reduce human discretion in loan decision-making. Lucious Abrams, also a fourth generation Black farmer, expressed his distrust in the USDA’s claims of reform to the Duke Law Journal: “You go and stick your hand in a hole and a rattlesnake bites it the first time; then you go back there a second time, it bites you the second time. What do you think you are going to do the third time?”

The payout, while significant, is just one step in a long journey towards equity in American agriculture. As John Boyd puts it, “The arc of justice bends slow; it bends slower for Black people, but I never give up.”

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Be brave and start your growing season this fall

As the bright light of summer gives way to the richer colors of autumn, it is easy to think the gardening season is over. However, fall is, in many ways, the beginning, not the end of the growing season. Kale and beets that struggled in the heat of summer begin to grow thicker and darker, reaching their peak of sweetness as temperatures drop. You might still capture a crop of radishes that take but a month to form tubers in the cooler weather. The first “killing” frost will wipe out weeds and pests.

Egyptian onions

Top photo: Garlic shoots growing up through a deep layer of fall leaves. Above: Perennial Egyptian onions can be planted now, and will reward you throughout the next growing season.

Fall is the time to make big structural changes, to start new beds and resize old ones. It is also the time to plant bulbs: garlic, Egyptian onions, daffodils, and tulips are eager to go in the ground. You can even experiment and plant wildflowers and cilantro seeds in hidden places you will forget, only to be surprised when they emerge in the spring.

When it comes to alliums, Egyptian onions are a favorite. They provide year-round green onions for the kitchen, growing tender shoots in spring and fall, and create a formidable aromatic shield against deer and rodents. These perennial green onions emerge at the end of winter, before most plants have begun to grow, and provide protection to young neighboring plants from the very beginning of the new growing season.

As spring turns into summer, Egyptian onions bloom, and become a favorite stop for native pollinators, eventually blending in with the lush green in your garden. But, make no mistake, even in the background, these pungent guardians remain on active duty, creating a barrier that is imperceptible to humans, but so very disturbing to deer and rodents.  

Having planted your bulbs, autumn holds the key to unlock the fertility of your garden. This is the season when Master gardeners rush in with piles of manure, mineral amends, and mulch to replenish nutrients. They know that it is in the darkness of winter when cover crops, manures, and mineral amends are transformed into plant-ready nutrients by the soil food web. Your main job as a gardener is to protect this living web with a rich and thick layer of mulch, preferably in the form of fallen leaves that will slowly decompose and help remineralize your soil year after year. 

Covering your bed with cardboard and a deep layer of leaves on top is a great way to enrich your soil and suppress weeds.

If you had a hard time with weeds the previous season, fall is also the time to get ahead of them. Find plenty of plain cardboard—without glossy inks or colors, just the regular brown stuff. (Bike shops are a great place to find very large cardboard boxes that can cover an entire garden bed without interruption.) Remove tape or staples and place the cardboard on top of your beds or any area where you want to suppress weeds. Then, cover everything with a thick layer of leaves, as much as 9” deep, to protect and feed your soil ecosystem over winter. Rain and snow will soften the cardboard and compact the leaves on top, worms and arthropods will break through it, but young weeds will not—this applies to your bulbs too, so do not cover garlic or other new bulbs with cardboard. 

When spring comes, you can plant right into it; but do not remove or disturb this rich layer of cardboard and leaves beyond what is strictly necessary to plant your seedlings. This is a way to build good soil, and this is how you become a pro at creating a virtuous cycle of fertility that requires less work to grow stronger plants year over year. 

Be brave, take a leap, and this fall start your next growing season by building or rebuilding a strong foundation under your garden. 

–Francisco Cabas 

 

Francisco is a gardener at Galego Community Farm in Pawtucket. You can learn about vermiculture, natural pest control, overwintering crops, harvesting garlic, and much more from his gardening videos on Youtube @GardensofNewEngland

 

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SCLT granted $100K from UNFI Foundation to address food inequity

By  Providence Business News
PROVIDENCE – The Southside Community Land Trust’s quest to get more food out to the community received a significant financial boost, courtesy of United Natural Foods Inc.
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‘Social returns’ inspire unusual 404 Broad investment

The Conservation Law Foundation’s Healthy Retail and Commerce Fund offers a new model for social investment

by Laurie O’Reilly, Conservation Matters

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Applications available for two TerraCorps positions

After a successful initial year, SCLT will again host two TerraCorps service staff “members” from this coming August to July, 2022.

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TerraCorps comes to Rhode Island

SCLT and six other land trusts are getting a needed boost this year thanks to TerraCorps, an AmeriCorps program that just launched in our state.

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The Plant-based City

The capitol is flourishing – with urban gardens, farmers markets, and locally sourced menus

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